Book 2 : Towards Tailor-Made Rural Toilets

Rural toilet and sanitation development has not progressed, due to the inappropriate approach about implementing large-scale sewerage systems, which conflicts to the organic rural settlements. Rural toilet designs have not responded to the complex local situation, due to the lack of understanding about rural inhabitants. Although the alternative off-grid toilets have been tested widely in rural communities, the lack of community engagement has caused misuse of the off-grid toilet system. Rural toilet design is a challenging task, and it requires close collaboration with local inhabitants to develop appropriate solutions.